Wittgenstein´s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus can be regarded as the first attempt to use the concept of possible world in the analysis of language. Since Wittgenstein does not use the expression possible world, the author of this paper draws attention to those parts of Tractatus that presuppose such concept. Then the author concentrates on the relation of Wittgenstein´s conception of possible world to the metaphysics of Tractatus. For Wittgenstein, the possible world is any combination of state of affairs. On the other hand, (...) some combinations of states of affairs are by the metaphysics of Tractatus excluded as illogical. The same is true of all possible distributions of attributes to ordered sets of objects that constitute states of affairs. It seems that Wittgenstein did not recognize these difficulties. (shrink)

English summary: Johann Gottfried Herder played a central role in the emergence of aesthetics and art history in the eighteenth century. His was not only an avid reader and critic of important contemporaries, but also made essential contributions to the possibilities of art and art theory. This volume is illuminated by contemporary art discussion and the many facets of debate around Herder and the emergence of aesthetics and art history, from his early writings in the 1760s and 70s, to this (...) later works. French description: Johann Gottfried Herder spielt eine zentrale Rolle fur die Entstehung der Asthetik und der Kunstgeschichte, die beide zu den grundlegenden geistesgeschichtlichen Neuerungen des 18. Jahrhunderts gehoren. Er war nicht nur ein aufmerksamer Leser und Kritiker der wichtigsten Autoren, die sich mit dieser Materie befassten, wie etwa Winckelmann, Lessing oder Baumgarten, sondern hat selbst grundlegende und umfassende Beitrage geschrieben, die immer wieder aufs Neue die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der Kunst, der Kunstwahrnehmung und der Kunsttheorie ausloten. Der hier vorgelegte Band leuchtet vor dem Hintergrund der zeitgenossischen Kunstdiskussionen die vielen Facetten der Auseinandersetzung Herders mit der entstehenden Asthetik und Kunstgeschichte aus, beginnend mit seinen Schriften, Kritische Walder' und, Plastik' aus den 1760er und 1770er Jahren bis hin zu seinen spateren Werken. (shrink)

Kunst als Projektionsfläche, Kunst als Ausdruck, Kunst als Gesellschaftskritik: Die Beitragenden dieses Bandes reflektieren unterschiedliche Dimensionen und Spannungslinien des Verhältnisses von Kunst und Kritik und untersuchen dabei das künstlerische Gestaltungs- und Inszenierungspotenzial aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive. Mit der Verflechtung von wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen und Kunstperformances erschliessen sie eine Bandbreite an unterschiedlichen Bedeutungszusammenhängen und Entwicklungsdynamiken von zentralen Diskursen der Kunstlandschaft unter Berücksichtigung u.a. architektonischer, philosophischer, kunsthistorischer, musikwissenschaftlicher und aktionistischer Aspekte"--Back cover.

칸트는 취미 판단의 분석을 시도한다. 취미 판단의 첫 번째 계기는 판단의 성질(Qualität) 즉 무관심성으로서의 아름다움이다. 여기에서 칸트는 『취미란 미를 판정하는 능력이다』. 취미 판단은 오직 미적 판단으로서 어떤 대상이 아름다운가 또는 아름답지 않는가를 개인적 주관의 쾌와 불쾌라는 감정에 의하여 평가되는 판단이다. 칸트는 『취미판단을 규정하는 만족은 일체의 관심을 결여하고 있다』(KU §2, 5). 이는 곧 취미판단은 무관심성(disinterestedness, Uninteresse)에서 찾을 수 있다는 것이다. 취미란 일체의 관심을 떠나서 만족 또는 불만족에 의하여 대상의 표상 양식을 판정하는 능력이다. 이것은 서로가 공유할 수 있는 일종의 감성적인 공통감(共通感, sensus (...) communis aestheticus)이다. 취미판단은 단지 관조적(觀照的)이다. 즉 취미판단은 대상의 현존재에 관해서 무관심하고 오직 대상의 성질을 쾌(快) ․ 불쾌(不快)의 감정에만 결부시킨다. 만족(滿足)이란 개념에서 볼 때 우리에게 쾌락을 주는 것, 선한 것을 주는 것 그리고 아름다움을 주는 것 등인데 유독 취미(趣味)에 관한 만족은 주관적이며 자유로운 만족, 그리고 실리적 혹은 효용적 만족이 아니라, 관조적인 만족인 것이다. 가령 쾌적(快適)의 만족은 동물에게도 있다. 그리고 선(善)의 만족은 이성적인 면에서만 개념화 할 수 있다. 왜냐하면 선(善)의 개념은 이성적 활동에 의해서만 가능한 것이기 때문이다. 구체적으로 표현하면 도덕적 행위를 입법하고 실천하는 존재는 사람뿐이다. 왜냐하면 취미(趣味)는 오성이나 이성적 작용이 아닌 순수 감정적 기능의 매개로 이루어진 것이면서 a priori한 원리를 요구하는 것이기 때문이다. 칸트의 『무관심적 만족감(無關心的 滿足感)』은 쾌적(快適)함에 관한 판단이나 선(善)함에 관한 판단과 달리, 미(美)와 숭고(崇高)에 대한 미적 판단을 규정하는 만족감은 대상에 대한 관심으로부터 자유롭다는 것이다. 대상이 아름답다고 말하고, 내가 취미(趣味, Geschmack)를 가지고 있다는 것을 증명하기 위해서 중요한 것은, 나로 하여금 대상의 현존(現存, Existenz)에 좌우되도록 하는 요인이 아니라, 내가 자 자신의 내부에 있어서 이러한 표상(表象, Vorstellung)에 대하여 부여할 수 있는 의미라고 함은 아주 명확한 것이다. 미에 관한 판단에 조금이라도 관심(Interesse)이 섞여 있으면, 그 판단은 매우 편차적이며 또 순수한 취미판단이 아니라고 함은 누구나 승인하지 않으면 안된다.(KU § 2, 6) 칸트는 『관심(關心)은 대상의 현존의 표상과 결합된 만족이다』.(KU §2, 59). 무엇에 관심을 가지는 것은 그것이 다른 것을 위해서나 그 자체로서나 좋기 때문에 생기는 것이며, 또는 감각에 즐거운 것이기 때문에 생기는 것이다. 그것은 대상의 현존에서 우리가 어떤 만족이나 이익을 원하는 욕구와 관계된다고 할 수 있다. 즉 그것은 어떤 대상이 나에게 유용하고 이익이 되기 때문에 가지는 마음의 상태 바로 경향심이다. 그러한 경향심(傾向心)은 대상에 대한 이해관계를 생각하게 하므로 판단을 그르치게 한다. 따라서 대상의 현존과 관계된 관심을 통해 얻어진 만족은 객관적일 수 없는 만족인 것이다. (shrink)

"Der Philosoph und Kunsttheoretiker Dieter Jähnig hat einen bemerkenswerten Text, eine Art Summe seiner Forschung zum Verhältnis zwischen Philosophie und Kunst vorgelegt. Bemerkenswert ist dieser Text aus mehreren Gründen, zum einen, weil er - mit Schelling und Nietzsche - zeigt, dass Kunst nicht zum Objekt gemacht werden darf, sondern selbst eine Quelle des Weltverstehens und der Zeitkritik ist, zum anderen, weil er - mit Platon, Schelling und Nietzsche - in souveräner Weise den mimetischen Charakter der Kunst nicht als Nachahmung, sondern (...) als schöpferische Form des Lebens darstellt. Schließlich zeigt Jähnig im Blick auf Kants dritte Kritik, dass die Kunst der Philosophie Grenzen setzt. Das Stichwort hier ist "Freiheit nicht als Selbstbestimmung sondern als Gunst". All dies sind Schlaglichter einer gedanklichen Helligkeit, die kein anderer mir bekannter Text auf das Verhältnis der Kunst zur Philosophie wirft. Jeder an Philosophie und Kunst Interessierte, ob als Studierender oder Lehrender oder einfach Leser, sollte diesen Text kennen". [Wilhelm Vossenkuhl]. (shrink)

In der Kritik der Urteilskraft vertritt Kant noch die analogische Beziehung zwischen Schönheit und Sittlichkeit (KU, AA 05: 351–354). Aber wir befinden uns hier in einem ganz anderen Zusammenhang. Und dies nicht nur, weil die Erörterung dieser analogischen Beziehung eine Lösung für das Problem der Verknüpfung zwischen theoretischer und praktischer Vernunft beansprucht. Die Reflexionen in den Vorlesungen über Anthropologie über die pragmatische Dimension des Geschmacks setzten die Möglichkeit dieser Verknüpfung bereits voraus, bevor Kant eine kritische Begründung derselben erreichte. Wir dürfen (...) aber diese Reflexionen nicht als das Ergebnis unreifer Versuche zur Lösung dieses kritischen Problems der Rationalitätstheorie Kants deuten. Während der Paragraph 59 der Kritik der Urteilskraft Teil der spekulativen Philosophie ist, wird die Kritik des Geschmacks in den Vorlesungen über Anthropologie vielmehr insofern sinnvoll, da sie zu einem pragmatischen, populären und aufgeklärten Bildungsprogramm der Anthropologie Kants gehört. (shrink)

Kaum eine andere künstlerische Strategie prägte das Wertesystem der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts wie die Wiederholung. Sie lässt sich als wesentliches Moment ausmachen, neue Wahrnehmungsweisen zu ermöglichen, Kritik an Formen der Repräsentation zu üben und neuen Sinn zu produzieren. Der Band nimmt eine kritische Revision des Phänomens für die zeitgenössische Kunst vor und eröffnet anhand bildnerischer, skulpturaler, performativer, technisch-medialer wie auch kuratorischer Wiederholungen in der Kunst eine Perspektive auf die Wiederholung als Grundbegriff des Ästhetischen.

Vorwort.--Schultz, F. Die philosophisch-weltanschauliche entwicklung der literarhistorischen methode.--Gumbel, H. Dichtung und volkstum.--Cysarz, H. Das periodenprinzip in der literaturwissenschaft.--Petersen, J. Die literarischen generationen.--Medicus, F. Das problem einer vergleichenden geschichte der künste.--Petsch, R. Die analyse des dichtwerkes.--Muschg, W. Das dichterporträt in der literaturgeschichte.--Jung, C. G. Psychologie und dichtung.--Ermatinger, E. Das gesetz in der literaturwissenschaft.--Nadler, J. Das problem der stilgeschichte.--Wundt, M. Literaturwissenschaft und weltanschauungslehre.--Strich, F. Weltliteratur und vergleichende literaturgeschichte.--Sarnetzki, D. H. Literaturwissenschaft und die dichtung und kritik des tages.

Dieser Band der Husserliana Materialien enthält die Erstveröffentlichung der Dissertation von Winthrop Pickard Bell, dem ersten englischsprachigen Doktoranden Edmund Husserls. In seiner Arbeit untersucht Bell die Erkenntnistheorie seines einstigen Harvard-Professors, dem amerikanischen Pragmatisten und Idealisten Josiah Royce, und entwickelt hierzu eine Kritik vom Standpunkt der Husserl'schen Erkenntnisphänomenologie. Husserl selbst hatte ihn gebeten, über dieses Thema zu forschen. Die Beilagen dieses Bandes beinhalten Husserls Kommentare und Änderungsvorschläge zu der Arbeit sowie die 1922 im "Jahrbuch der philosophischen Fakultät in Göttingen" erschienene Zusammenfassung (...) derselben. Nachdem Winthrop Bell zwei Jahre in Harvard bei Josiah Royce studiert hatte, kam er 1910 nach Leipzig. Hier und später in Göttingen befasste er sich mit Husserls Phänomenologie und schloss sich dem Kreis der Studenten an, der sich um Husserl und Reinach als "Göttinger philosophische Gesellschaft" gebildet hatte. Im Sommer 1914 stellte Bell seine Dissertation schließlich zu einem denkbar ungünstigen Zeitpunkt fertig. Als kanadischer Staatsbürger - und somit Bürger eines Landes der feindlichen Alliierten - wurde er mit Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs im August 1914 inhaftiert und verbrachte fast die gesamte Kriegszeit in einem Gefangenenlager bei Berlin. Das Dissertationsverfahren konnte erst im Jahr 1922 abgeschlossen werden. Im Zuge dieser Turbulenzen erschien 1922 lediglich eine Zusammenfassung von Bells Doktorarbeit im "Jahrbuch der philosophischen Fakultät in Göttingen", die Arbeit selbst blieb bis 2012 in Kanada unter Verschluss. Auf Husserls nachdrückliche Empfehlung trat Bell jedoch 1922 eine Professur in Harvard an und trug maßgeblich zur Verbreitung der Husserl’schen Phänomenologie in Nordamerika bei. Die Kapitel „Die ‚erste Ansicht des Idealismus‘ und die Voraussetzungen der Royce’schen Erkenntnistheorie“ und „Kritik von Royces Voraussetzungen. Der eigentliche Boden einer Erkenntnistheorie. Die reine Wesenslehre des Bewusstseins“ sind auf link.springer.com unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht. This book was produced with the generous funding of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, KU Leuven, the Harrison McCain Foundation, the University of New Brunswick Busteed Publication Fund, the Department of Philosophy at the University of New Brunswick, and David Mawhinney. (shrink)

Walter Benjamin, der Traum und das Bild des Weiblichen Geschichtsphilosophie aus gendertheoretischer Perspektive. 0Karin Stögner: 0Beschädigtes Leben und antisemitische „Schiefheilung". Freud und Adorno revisited.0Ljiljana Radonic: 0Autonomie versus Engagement? Über Adorno und Brecht. 0Gerhard Scheit: 0„Une promesse de bonheur". Herbert Marcuses „Über den affirmativen Charakter der Kultur".0Daniela Berner und Florian Wagner: 0Gebrochene Geschichte, Bedrängte Gegenwart. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines fremdgestellten Blicks 0auf die nationalsozialistische Vergangenheit im Film. 0Tobias Ebbrecht-Hartmann: 0Das drastische Medium. Über Adornos Kritik des Films. 0Christoph Hesse: 0Träumerinnen im Wachen. (...) Die „Kollektivträume" der Comics und die Kritische Theorie. 0Barbara Eder : 0Verehrte Unsichtbare!"0Über die Kunst des Hörens bei Walter Benjamin und Theodor W. Adorno 0Christine Ehardt: 0Exkursion 0Shopping Mall, mit Walter Benjamin u.a. 0Anette Baldauf : 0Zum Einbruch des.Realen' in die Gegenwart 0Eingedenken, Erinnern, Katharsis 0Sara Vorwalder und Veronika Zangl : 0„Alles wirklich Brauchbare besteht in Aushilfen". Zwei Lektüren zu Oskar Negt und Alexander Kluges Geschichte und Eigensinn 0Valentin Mertes und Michael Paninski : 0„Die Nord-West-Passage der Revolution" 0Herrschaftsverhältnisse und die situationistische Kartographierung 0der Stadtlandschaft 0Brigitte Marschall: 0. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Early modern alchemy studied both matter and life, much like today's life sciences. What material life is and how it comes about intrigued alchemists. Many found the answer by assuming a vital principle that served as the source and cause of life. Recent literature has presented important cases in which vitalist formulations incorporated corpuscular or mechanical elements that were characteristic of the New Science and other cases in which vitalist thinking influenced important figures of the Scientific Revolution. Not merely (...) speculative, vitalist ideas also motivated chymical practice. The unity of life science and material science that is found in many formulations of Renaissance alchemy disintegrated in Georg Ernst Stahl's version of post-Cartesian vitalism. (shrink)

Truth is one of the most debated topics in philosophy; Wolfgang Kunne presents a comprehensive critical examination of all major theories, from Aristotle to the present day. He argues that it is possible to give a satisfactory 'modest' account of truth without invoking problematic notions like correspondence, fact, or meaning. The clarity of exposition and the wealth of examples will make Conceptions of Truth an invaluable and stimulating guide for advanced students and scholars.

Summary Between the 1860s and the 1910s, British acoustics was transformed from an area of empirical research into a mathematically organized field. Musical motives—improving musical scales and temperaments, making better musical instruments, and understanding the nature of musical tones—were among the major driving forces of acoustical researchers in nineteenth-century Britain. The German acoustician, Helmholtz, had a major impact on British acousticians who also had extensive interactions with American and French acousticians. Rayleigh's acoustics, reflecting all these features, bore remarkable fruit in (...) his treatise The Theory of Sound, which successfully subjected empirical acoustics to analytical mathematics. His accomplishments made British acoustics a subfield of physics, thus distinguishing it from the ‘new acoustics’ in early twentieth-century America. (shrink)

Many people find modern art, in whatever medium, meaningless. Its radical questioning of all aesthetic norms, its wild experimentation and its lack of direction stand in stark contrast to the past, with its great tradition of meaningful artistic expression. Of course, it can be argued that modern artists are simply feeling much more deeply what anyone alive today must sense, however vaguely and superficially: a deeply pessimistic and often nihilistic mood. And if art is to have integrity, artists cannot escape (...) that. However, anyone who believes in a first and last ground of meaning of the world and man, even at a time of the disintegration of traditions, can scarcely believe in a definitive chaos of art: if art is a genuine representation of the realities of our time, it should be possible, by understanding it more deeply, to find greater meaning the other side of seeming meaninglessness. This, briefly stated, is the argument of Hans Kueng's latest study, both profound and provocative, which introduces a new and important dimension to his thought. (shrink)

Throughout his career, Keith Hossack has made outstanding contributions to the theory of knowledge, metaphysics and the philosophy of mathematics. -/- This collection of previously unpublished papers begins with a focus on Hossack's conception of the nature of knowledge, his metaphysics of facts and his account of the relations between knowledge, agents and facts. Attention moves to Hossack's philosophy of mind and the nature of consciousness, before turning to the notion of necessity and its interaction with a priori knowledge. Hossack's (...) views on the nature of proof, logical truth, conditionals and generality are discussed in depth. In the final chapters, questions about the identity of mathematical objects and our knowledge of them take centre stage, together with questions about the necessity and generality of mathematical and logical truths. (shrink)

ABSTRACTAt the end of 2016, Taiwan witnessed a string of massive protest demonstrations held by both ends of the ideological debate on marriage equality. These public demonstrations can be seen as...

This book argues that the meaning of negation, perhaps the most important logical constant, cannot be defined within the framework of the most comprehensive theory of proof-theoretic semantics, as formulated in the influential work of Michael Dummett and Dag Prawitz. Nils Kürbis examines three approaches that have attempted to solve the problem - defining negation in terms of metaphysical incompatibility; treating negation as an undefinable primitive; and defining negation in terms of a speech act of denial - and concludes that (...) they cannot adequately do so. He argues that whereas proof-theoretic semantics usually only appeals to a notion of truth, it also needs to appeal to a notion of falsity, and proposes a system of natural deduction in which both are incorporated. Offering new perspectives on negation, denial and falsity, his book will be important for readers working on logic, metaphysics and the philosophy of language. (shrink)

As the twentieth century draws to a close and the rush to globalization gathers momentum, political and economic considerations are crowding out vital ethical questions about the shape of our future. Now, Hans Kung, one of the world's preeminent Christian theologians, explores these issues in a visionary and cautionary look at the coming global society. How can the new world order of the twenty first century avoid the horrors of the twentieth? Will nations form a real community or continue to (...) aggressively pursue their own interests? Will the Machiavellian approaches of the past prevail over idealism and a more humanitarian politics? What role can religion play in a world increasingly dominated by transnational corporations? Kung tackles these and many other questions with the insight and moral authority that comes from a lifetime's devotion to the search for justice and human dignity. Arguing against both an amoral realpolitik and an immoral resurgence of laissez faire economics, Kung defines a comprehensive ethicfounded on the bedrock of mutual respect and humane treatment of all beingsthat would encompass the ecological, legal, technological, and social patterns that are reshaping civilization. If we are going to have a global economy, a global technology, a global media, Kung argues, we must also have a global ethic to which all nations, and peoples of the most varied backgrounds and beliefs, can commit themselves. "The world," he says, "is not going to be held together by the Internet." For anyone concerned about the world we are creating, A Global Ethic for Global Politics and Economics offers equal measures of informed analysis, compassionate foresight, and wise counsel. (shrink)

Highly intelligent... It is understandable while being scholarly and should be read by anyone seeking an overview of ethical history as it relates to the present. -- Church and Synagogue Library Association.

Morality seems important, in the sense that there are practical reasons — at least for most of us, most of the time — to be moral. A central theoretical motivation for consequentialism is that it appears clear that there are practical reasons to promote good outcomes, but mysterious why we should care about non-consequentialist moral considerations or how they could be genuine reasons to act. In this paper we argue that this theoretical motivation is mistaken, and that because many arguments (...) for consequentialism rely upon it, the mistake substantially weakens the overall case for consequentialism. We argue that there is indeed a theoretical connection between good states and reasons to act, because good states are those it is fitting to desire and there is a conceptual connection between the fittingness of a motive and reasons to perform the acts it motivates. But while some of our motives are directed at states, others are directed at acts themselves. We contend that just as the fittingness of desires for states generates reasons to promote the good, the fittingness of these act-directed motives generates reasons to do other things. Moreover, we argue that an act’s moral status consists in the fittingness of act-directed feelings of obligation to perform or avoid performing it, so the connection between fitting motives and reasons to act explains reasons to be moral whether or not morality directs us to promote the good. This, we contend, de-mystifies how there could be non-consequentialist reasons that are both moral and practical. (shrink)